Iceland

Iceland's climate is characterized by cool summers and mild winters due to the North Atlantic Drift. The peak travel season runs from June to August when temperatures can reach up to 15°C (59°F), and the days are long, providing ample sunlight for exploring. Popular summer activities include visiting the Golden Circle, exploring the vibrant city of Reykjavik, and experiencing the midnight sun. In winter, from December to February, travelers flock to see the Northern Lights, go ice skating, and enjoy the unique winter scenery. Autumn, particularly September and October, is perfect for witnessing vibrant fall colors and fewer tourists, while spring is ideal for those eager to see blooming landscapes.

Getting to Iceland is fairly straightforward, with several options available depending on where you're coming from. The country is well-connected by air and has bus services for local travel. Within the capital, Reykjavik, public transport and rental cars are popular.

• Main airports include Keflavik International Airport (KEF) which serves international flights from North America, Europe, and beyond, including major airports like JFK (New York), LAX (Los Angeles), and LHR (London Heathrow).
• Low-cost airlines such as WOW air (pending operations) and easyJet frequently operate routes to Iceland.
• Flight times from the East Coast of the U.S. are about 6 hours, while flights from major European cities take approximately 3 to 4 hours.

• Reykjavik Bus Terminal serves as the main hub for long-distance bus routes.
• Buses connect Reykjavik with major towns like Akureyri and Vik.

• Iceland does not have a train service for international travel.
• Visitors typically use buses or cars to get around.

• The main highway in Iceland is Route 1, also known as the Ring Road, which circumnavigates the island.
• Distances from major cities include 1,530 km from London, approximately 6,000 km from New York City, and a 4-hour drive from Oslo.
• Be aware that there are no tolls on the Ring Road, but road conditions can vary greatly depending on the season.

Iceland is a land of extraordinary natural wonders, offering travelers a variety of activities. For nature lovers, exploring the Golden Circle—home to the Þingvellir National Park, Gullfoss waterfall, and Geysir geothermal area—is a must. For those who seek adventure, glacier hiking and ice climbing on Vatnajökull, Europe’s largest glacier, is unforgettable. In the summer, take advantage of hiking in the breathtaking landscapes of Landmannalaugar or exploring the waterfalls of the South Coast like Seljalandsfoss and Skógafoss.

In the winter months, chase the Northern Lights across the night sky, relax in the Blue Lagoon's geothermal waters, or visit the stunning Ice Caves in Vatnajökull national park. Urban enthusiasts will appreciate Reykjavik's vibrant nightlife, art galleries, and museums, such as the National Museum of Iceland, which offers insights into the nation's rich past. Diverse wildlife viewing like puffin watching on the Westman Islands or whale watching from various boat tours adds to the unique Icelandic experience.

Accommodation options in Iceland range from luxury hotels to cozy guesthouses and unique Airbnbs, catering to all budgets. In Reykjavik, expect to pay around $150-$300 per night for a hotel, whereas guesthouses can offer a more budget-friendly option, starting at $70 per night. Visitors seeking a unique Icelandic experience might consider staying in a traditional turf house or a lakeside cabin. During summer, prices can inflate due to high demand, especially in popular tourist regions, while winter prices tend to drop, making that season an appealing time to visit for budget travelers. Remember to book in advance, especially if traveling during peak months.

Icelandic cuisine is rooted in its historical reliance on local ingredients, mainly seafood, lamb, and dairy. Must-try dishes include fresh seafood, particularly cod and haddock, traditional lamb soup, and skyr, a rich yogurt-like dairy product. Pair your meals with local drinks such as Brennivín, known as ‘Black Death,’ or local craft beers. Dining costs can vary; expect to pay around $15-$25 for a casual meal and $50 or more at upscale restaurants. Popular places to eat include the food halls in Reykjavik, where visitors can sample a variety of Icelandic flavors in one spot.

• Emergency services: Police - 112, Ambulance - 112, Fire Brigade - 112
• Embassy contacts: U.S. Embassy - Laufásvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
• Keflavik International Airport (KEF), 235 Keflavik, Iceland.
• Currency: Icelandic Króna (ISK); Credit cards are widely accepted.
• Visa/Passport: Visa-free access for EU, EEA, and some other countries; check latest entry requirements based on nationality.

Iceland offers a plethora of stunning sights. Reykjavik, the capital city, is a blend of modern art, history, and culture, hosting the iconic Hallgrímskirkja church and Harpa concert hall. The Golden Circle is not to be missed, featuring Þingvellir National Park, Gullfoss waterfall, and the geothermal area at Haukadalur. The South Coast showcases majestic waterfalls like Skógafoss, black sand beaches such as Reynisfjara, and the vibrant Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon filled with icebergs. For an unforgettable experience, head to Snæfellsnes Peninsula, often referred to as “Iceland in miniature,” where you can explore the dramatic coastline and impressive landscapes. Lastly, don't forget the tranquility of North Iceland, with the charming town of Akureyri and the serene Myvatn nature baths.

Iceland's rich history begins with its settlement by Norse Vikings in the 9th century, which led to the establishment of the world’s first parliament in Þingvellir. The island’s dramatic landscape is shaped by volcanic activity, glaciers, and rugged coastlines, making it a geological wonder. Major geographical features include the active volcano Hekla, the vast Vatnajökull glacier, and geothermal fields scattered across the land. The climate is categorized as subarctic with average temperatures ranging from -1°C (30°F) in winter to 11°C (52°F) in summer. Weather can be unpredictable, so travelers should pack accordingly.

Iceland is home to around 370,000 residents, with a rich culture that reflects its history and natural environment. The official language is Icelandic, a North Germanic language that has changed little over the centuries. The population practices mainly Lutheran Christianity, with a strong sense of national pride evident during traditions like Þorrablót, a midwinter festival. Icelanders celebrate various unique holidays, including the first day of summer, which—despite its name—often falls in early April. The country's cultural features also highlight a strong literary tradition, inspired by the Sagas of the Vikings and the famous work of contemporary authors such as Halldór Laxness, a Nobel Prize laureate.