Peru

Peru has a diverse climate that varies greatly by region. The best time to visit generally falls between May and September when dry weather prevails, especially in the Andean regions. Summer (December to February) tends to be rainy in the Andes, making it less favorable for trekking. Notable attractions during this time include the coastal beaches of Máncora and the jungle tours in the Amazon. Autumn (March to May) is great for exploring cities like Cusco and Lima, while the winter months of June to August draw many tourists to Machu Picchu, where the weather is cooler and more manageable. Spring (September to November) is a lovely time for hiking and enjoying nature, especially the blooming landscapes across the highlands.

Getting to Peru is quite convenient, with multiple transport options available. Most international travelers arrive via air, landing in Lima, the capital city, which serves as a central hub for connections to other regions. There are also options for buses and car travel from neighboring countries, though train routes are limited. Make sure to plan your arrival to enjoy your trip to this beautiful nation.

• Main airport: Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima, with major international routes from cities like Los Angeles (USA), Madrid (Spain), São Paulo (Brazil), and Sydney (Australia).
• Low-cost airlines: LATAM Airlines, Sky Airline.
• Flight times: From New York to Lima: approximately 8 hours; from London: about 12 hours.

• Main stations: Terminal Terrestre de Lima, Terminal Terrestre de Arequipa.
• Connections: Lima to Cusco, Trujillo to Piura.

• Limited international train services, mainly scenic routes within the country.
• Popular route: Cusco to Machu Picchu.

• Main highways: Pan-American Highway connects north to south.
• Distances: Lima to Cusco is about 1,100 km; expect around 20-24 hours of driving time.
• Road conditions: Generally good but can vary; check for tolls along major roads.

Peru offers an exhilarating mix of activities that cater to all types of travelers. In the Andes, the world-renowned Inca Trail leads to Machu Picchu, the perfect trek for those seeking adventure and breathtaking views. For history buffs, exploring the Sacred Valley's ruins, such as Ollantaytambo and Pisac, is a must. Those intrigued by wildlife and nature should visit the Amazon rainforest, where guided tours offer insights into unique ecosystems. In the coast region, Lima serves up culinary delights, being home to fine dining and local markets to savor ceviche. For beach lovers, Mancora boasts stunning beaches perfect for sunbathing and surfing. Nightlife in Lima and Cusco presents vibrant bars and clubs for those looking to dance the night away. Cultural festivals, like Inti Raymi in Cusco, immerse visitors in local traditions, showcasing colorful costumes and traditional music. Whatever your interests, Peru presents endless exploration opportunities.

Peru's accommodation options are diverse, ranging from luxury hotels to budget hostels. In major cities like Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa, you'll find upscale hotels averaging between $100 to $250 per night. Mid-range hotels and hostels offer prices from $20 to $80. For a unique experience, consider eco-lodges in the Amazon or boutique accommodations in colonial cities, which showcase local charm. Prices typically peak during high tourist seasons, especially around Machu Picchu during winter months. Booking in advance is recommended for popular locations to secure the best rates and availability. Seasonality can affect prices significantly, so plan accordingly to maximize comfort on a budget.

Peru is famous for its rich culinary heritage, blending indigenous ingredients and traditions with influences from Europe and Asia. The star of the national cuisine is undoubtedly ceviche, fresh fish cured in lime juice and seasoned with chili peppers. Other must-try dishes include lomo saltado, a stir-fried beef preparation, and ají de gallina, a spicy chicken curry. Dining options range from street vendors serving affordable snacks at about $2 to upscale restaurants where a full meal can cost upwards of $50. Popular drinks include pisco sour and chicha morada. Lima is the gastronomic capital of South America, featuring a thriving food scene with numerous acclaimed restaurants and vibrant markets.

• Emergency services: Police - 105; Ambulance - 116; Fire Brigade - 117.
• Embassy contacts: US Embassy in Lima - +51 1 618-2000; UK Embassy in Lima - +51 1 623-3000.
• Main airport: Jorge Chávez International Airport, Av. Elmer Faucett, Callao 07031, Peru.
• Currency: Sol (PEN); Payment methods - cash widely accepted, credit cards accepted in most establishments.
• Visa regime: Tourist visa not required for stays up to 183 days for many nationalities; check visa requirements for your country.

Peru is a land rich in heritage and natural beauty, filled with significant sites. Start in Lima, where you'll find the historic Plaza Mayor and countless museums. Move on to Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, renowned for its blend of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture. The Sacred Valley should not be missed, featuring stunning landscapes and ancient ruins. Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is arguably Peru's most iconic attraction, attracting visitors eager to explore its mysterious history. For a different flavor, head to Arequipa, known for its picturesque Plaza de Armas and the surrounding Colca Canyon, one of the deepest in the world. The Amazon Basin offers unmatched biodiversity with opportunities for eco-tours. Each region boasts unique sites that together paint a colorful picture of Peru's cultural and natural offerings.

Peru's history is tapestry woven from its ancient civilizations that include the Incas and earlier cultures such as the Moche and Nazca. Following Spanish conquest in the 16th century, Peru experienced profound cultural changes that shaped its modern identity. Geographically, the country features diverse landscapes, from the coastal deserts to the mighty Andes mountains, and the lush Amazon rainforest. Peru enjoys distinct climate zones, ranging from arid along the coast to temperate in the mountains and tropical in the Amazon. Average temperatures fluctuate based on elevation, with coastal temperatures around 20-25°C (68-77°F), while the high Andes can get cool, particularly at night, dropping to 5°C (41°F) or lower.

Peru is home to approximately 33 million people with a rich tapestry of cultural traditions that reflect its history. Spanish is the official language, but many indigenous languages like Quechua and Aymara are also spoken. The population celebrates a range of religions, with Catholicism being predominant. Peruvians take pride in their cultural festivals, such as Inti Raymi and Señor de los Milagros, showcasing vibrant costumes, music, and dance. Unique traditions include the weaving techniques of the Andes and culinary practices that emphasize local ingredients. This cultural diversity enriches the Peruvian identity, making it a fascinating destination for those interested in authentic experiences.