When to Visit Montenegro During the Year?
Montenegro can, of course, be visited throughout the entire year, and the best time depends on what tourists want to experience. Cultural and historical attractions-old fortresses, monasteries, and museums-can be visited year-round, regardless of the season.
Without a doubt, the best season to visit Montenegro is summer, due to the well-developed tourist offer along the coast, especially in Budva, Kotor, Ulcinj, Bar, and Herceg Novi. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures above 30 °C, ideal for swimming, sunbathing, cruising, and water sports. Evenings (when the temperature drops to around 25–28 °C) are great for walks, nightlife, and attending events, discos, and music festivals. During peak season, in July and August, prices are significantly higher and the crowds are larger.
Winter is the perfect period for tourists who want to hike in the northern and central parts of Montenegro, with Žabljak on Durmitor and Kolašin on Bjelasica being especially popular. In winter, snow and sub-zero temperatures can be expected, and days are suitable for skiing, hiking, and other winter sports. During the winter season, accommodation prices are lower, and crowds are smaller.
Without a doubt, the best season to visit Montenegro is summer, due to the well-developed tourist offer along the coast, especially in Budva, Kotor, Ulcinj, Bar, and Herceg Novi. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures above 30 °C, ideal for swimming, sunbathing, cruising, and water sports. Evenings (when the temperature drops to around 25–28 °C) are great for walks, nightlife, and attending events, discos, and music festivals. During peak season, in July and August, prices are significantly higher and the crowds are larger.
Winter is the perfect period for tourists who want to hike in the northern and central parts of Montenegro, with Žabljak on Durmitor and Kolašin on Bjelasica being especially popular. In winter, snow and sub-zero temperatures can be expected, and days are suitable for skiing, hiking, and other winter sports. During the winter season, accommodation prices are lower, and crowds are smaller.
How to Get to Montenegro?
By Car – You can enter Montenegro by car through numerous border crossings for passenger transport:
- Albania: Sukobin, Božaj, Cijevna Zartijebačka, Grnčar
- Serbia: Vuča, Dračenovac, Ranče, Dobrakovo, Čemerno, Railway station “Bijelo Polje”
- Kosovo: Kula
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Metaljka, Šula, Šćepan Polje, Krstac, Vraćenovići, Nudo, Ilino Brdo, Sitnica
- Croatia: Debeli Brijeg, Kobila
At most border crossings, the wait time is usually around one to two hours during the season.
Distance and driving time from Podgorica to major cities in the region:
Distance and driving time from Podgorica to major cities in the region:
- Belgrade: about 450 km, about 6.5 hours driving
- Sarajevo: about 230 km, about 4.5 hours driving
- Skopje: about 290 km, about 5 hours driving
- Tirana: about 160 km, about 3 hours driving
- Zagreb: about 700 km, about 9 hours driving
- Priština: about 290 km, about 5.5 hours driving
- Sofia: about 480 km, about 7.5 hours driving
- Bucharest: about 720 km, about 10 hours driving
- Athens: about 780 km, about 10.5 hours driving
- Ljubljana: about 760 km, about 9.5 hours driving
- Budapest: about 700 km, about 9 hours driving
By Plane – Flying is probably the cheapest and fastest option for travelers. Montenegro has two public airports:
- Podgorica Airport – Also known as Golubovci Airport, about 12 km from Podgorica. The main carrier is Air Montenegro. Around 20 airlines operate here with regular flights to Belgrade, Istanbul, Paris, Rome, Frankfurt, Zurich, Vienna, London, Budapest, Dortmund, Memmingen, and Milan.
- Tivat Airport – Located 3 km from Tivat, and close to Kotor and Budva. Smaller than Podgorica Airport. Regular flights connect to Belgrade and Istanbul, while seasonal and charter flights link to many European and Middle Eastern countries.
- Peak season runs from June to September, with the highest number of flights. Booking 3–4 months in advance is recommended.
By Bus – Montenegro has bus stations in all larger towns, connected to other Montenegrin cities and international destinations. Major bus stations are in Podgorica and Budva. Through platforms like busticket4.me and GetByBus, travelers can book tickets and check timetables.
Common international routes include:
Common international routes include:
- Kotor–Dubrovnik: about 93 km, about 2 hours (€27–36)
- Kotor–Skadar: about 106 km, about 4 hours (€25–28)
- Kotor–Belgrade: about 472 km, about 11.5 hours (€40–44)
- Podgorica–Sarajevo: about 227 km, about 6 hours (€23–27)
- Podgorica–Dubrovnik: about 145 km, 4–5 hours (€34)
- Podgorica–Belgrade: about 407 km, about 10 hours (€32–39)
- Budva–Dubrovnik: about 108 km, about 3 hours (€29–38)
- Herceg Novi–Dubrovnik: about 49 km, about 1 hour (€22–31)
- Ulcinj–Skadar: about 44 km, about 1.5 hours (€13–17)
By Train – Passenger trains run on three main routes:
- Belgrade–Bar: The main railway line connecting Serbia to the Montenegrin coast. Ticket price: about €43.
- Nikšić–Podgorica: Local line, about €4.
- Podgorica–Skadar (Albania): International line, about €18.
Main train stations are in Podgorica, Bar, Nikšić, and Bijelo Polje. Expect many tunnels and bridges along Montenegro’s railways.
By Ship – Montenegro has several passenger and cargo ports:
By Ship – Montenegro has several passenger and cargo ports:
- Port of Bar – The largest, with both cargo and passenger terminals.
- Port of Zelenika – At the entrance to the Bay of Kotor, mainly for yachts and smaller ships.
- Port of Kotor – Famous cruise ship destination.
- Porto Montenegro (Tivat) – Luxury marina for mega-yachts.
- Portonovi (Kumbor) – New luxury marina near Herceg Novi.
- Budva Marina – For smaller boats, used in local and seasonal traffic.
By Ferry:
- Bari–Bar – From Italy to Montenegro, about 10 hours.
- Dubrovnik–Budva – Seasonal, about 2 hours.
Tourist Activities in Montenegro
Montenegro is highly attractive for tourists who want to spend their vacation outdoors.
- Rafting: Rafting tours are mainly organized on the Tara River. The Tara is famous for its deep canyon and fast-flowing waters, making it the perfect spot for adrenaline-filled adventures.
- Hiking: Hiking tours are organized all across Montenegro. Durmitor and its peak, Bobotov Kuk (2,523 m), are the goal of many mountaineers, as it is the highest peak in the country with trails of varying difficulty. While exploring Durmitor, visitors are drawn to glacial lakes, the Tara Canyon, and numerous viewpoints. Prokletije attracts experienced hikers with its wild nature and steep, challenging trails, while on the Komovi mountains, hikers can rest in mountain huts and conquer rugged peaks (Kom Kučki, Kom Ljevorečki, Kom Vasojevički). For beginners, the most accessible mountain is Bjelasica (where visitors can also see Biogradsko Lake and Biogradska Gora National Park), while a relatively easy climb leads to Lovćen, home to historical and cultural monuments.
- Jeep Safari: Jeep safari tours are organized through Durmitor National Park. These off-road tours cover about 120 km over eight hours. During the ride, travelers can enjoy Montenegro’s natural beauty and observe many wildlife species that inhabit the region.
- Cycling: Bicycles can be rented for tours around Plav Lake and on the trails of Lovćen and Bjelasica. Montenegro currently features several top trail cycling routes:
- TT1: Herceg Novi - Orjen - Dragalj - Grahovo - Slansko Lake - Nikšić - Duga - Višnjića Do - Bajovo Polje - Plužine - Trsa - Durmitor - Sinjajevina - Lipovo - Kolašin - Prekobrđe - Ponikvica - Danilovgrad - Čevo - Cetinje - Lovćen - Kotor - Risan - Herceg Novi
- TT2: Nikšić - Vir - Njegoš Mountain - Zlostup - Zaljutnica - Ethno Village Izlazak - Piva Canyon - Bezuje - Dubrovsko - Pošćenje - Durmitor (Žabljak) - Đurđevića Tara - Barice - Tomaševo - Bjelasica - Kolašin - Crkvine - Maganik - Morakovo - Nikšić
- TT3: Mojkovac - Biogradsko Lake - Bjelasica - Trešnjevik - Kuti Valley - Visitor - Gusinje - Plav - Hridsko Lake - Plav - Murino - Mokra Mountain - Ćafa Murgaš - Ibar Spring - Rožaje - Trpezi - Berane - Bjelasica - Rudnica - Mojkovac
- TT4: Podgorica - Danilovgrad - Kotsko Hill - Ćeranića Gora - Boan - Petnjica - Duži - Dubljevići - Durmitor - Žabljak - Njegovuđa - Sinjajevina - Lipovo - Kolašin - Veruša - Rikavačko Lake - Korita - Ubli - Medun - Podgorica
- TT5: Cetinje - Rijeka Crnojevića - Kruševica - Virpazar - Skadar Lake - Vladimir - Ada Bojana - Ulcinj - Bar - Rumija - Virpazar - Brčeli - Začir - Cetinje
In addition, tourists can enjoy kitesurfing in Ulcinj, canyoning in Nevidio Canyon on the Komarnica River, paragliding in Budva, the Bay of Kotor, Orjen, and Durmitor, as well as fly fishing on rivers such as Tara, Morača, Zeta, and Plav Lake. Thrill-seekers can also try zip-lining across the Tara Canyon. Horseback riding is also especially popular.
What to See in Montenegro
Tourists coming to Montenegro, whether for a short break or a longer holiday, will certainly find plenty to see and explore in this small country. Despite its size, Montenegro offers a wealth of attractions-first and foremost natural wonders, followed by important historical and cultural landmarks.
Podgorica
Podgorica
- Skadar Lake: The largest lake in the Balkans, located 20 km from the city center, famous for its rich flora and fauna. Visitors can take boat rides and go bird-watching.
- Medun: An ancient Illyrian settlement, also the birthplace of writer Marko Miljanov. Visitors can see the remains of the old fortress and visit the ethnographic museum.
- King Nikola’s Castle at Kruševac: Once the residence of King Nikola, today it houses a historical museum.
- Stara Varoš: The oldest part of Podgorica with preserved Ottoman-era architecture, narrow cobblestone streets, and mosques.
- Sastavci (Skaline): A romantic spot at the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers, featuring an old stone bridge.
- Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ: A monumental Orthodox church decorated with frescoes and a rich iconostasis.
- City Museum of Podgorica: The city’s main cultural institution with archaeological, historical, and ethnological collections.
Herceg Novi
- Kanli Kula: A 16th-century fortress expanded by Venetians and Austrians, offering panoramic views of the Bay of Kotor and serving as a summer stage.
- Savina Monastery: A 17th-18th-century Orthodox complex, surrounded by a protected forest park.
- Forte Mare: One of the oldest seaside fortresses, guarding the entrance to the Bay of Kotor.
- Clock Tower: A 17th-century city symbol located in the old town core.
- City Museum of Herceg Novi: Housed in a baroque building in the town center.
- Igalo Youth Park: A coastal park for recreation, children’s events, and sports activities.
Tivat
- Stradioti Island: Formerly a tourist resort, now overgrown and accessible by boat or kayak.
- Pine Promenade: The city’s palm-lined waterfront with cafés, the main hub of nightlife.
- Our Lady of Angels: A small 15th-century church on an islet across from Tivat, accessible by boat.
- Solila: A protected natural area and bird reserve, formerly a salt pan.
- Vrmac Hill: Separating Tivat from Kotor, offering hiking routes and historical remains, including Vrmac Fortress.
- Island of Flowers (Miholjska Prevlaka): A peninsula with the Monastery of Archangel Michael, historically a religious center.
Nikšić
- Lukavica Plateau: Mountain pastures, scenic viewpoints, and winter sports area.
- Trebjesa Forest Park: A green park in the city center with walking trails and a monument to WWII hero Ljubo Čupić.
- Krupac Lake: An artificial lake popular for swimming and water sports.
- Emperor’s Bridge: A stone bridge from the late 19th century, built in honor of Russian Tsar Alexander III.
Budva
- Old Town: A walled medieval quarter with cobbled streets, churches, and stone houses.
- Sveti Stefan Peninsula: A luxury resort-island, once a fishing village, now a world-famous hotel complex.
- Miločer Park: Former royal grounds with a botanical garden and the Queen’s Beach.
- Citadel of Budva: A seaside fortress with a museum, library, and stunning views of the Adriatic.
Cetinje
- Lovćen National Park: Encompassing Mount Lovćen, with hiking trails and panoramic views of the Bay of Kotor.
- Njegoš Mausoleum: Dedicated to Petar II Petrović Njegoš, located atop Jezerski Peak (1,600 m), accessible by 461 steps through a tunnel.
- Lipska Cave: One of the largest caves in Montenegro, open to visitors, with guided tours and lighting.
Bar
- King Nikola’s Palace: A 19th-century royal residence built in Mediterranean style, surrounded by gardens.
- Godinje Village: A traditional village known for its authentic architecture, popular among eco-tourists.
- Hamam in Bar: A rare preserved Turkish bath.
- Grmožur Fortress: An island fortress in Skadar Lake, also known as the “Island of Fear,” once used as a prison.
- Beška Monastery: A medieval monastery on Beška Island, accessible by boat.
- Ada Bojana: A natural river island famous for its wild beauty, sandy beaches, and nudist resorts.
- Valdanos Bay: A scenic cove with ancient olive groves, one of the most beautiful natural sites in Montenegro.
Kotor
- Old Town: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, with medieval architecture, narrow streets, churches, and squares.
- Perast: A baroque town with island churches.
- Maritime Museum of Kotor: Showcasing the region’s naval history, with maps, ship models, and artifacts.
Žabljak
- Durmitor National Park: A UNESCO-protected area, famous for mountain lakes, diverse flora and fauna, hiking, rafting, and winter sports.
- Tara River Canyon: The second deepest canyon in the world, with crystal-clear waters and breathtaking views.
Events and Festivals in Montenegro
Montenegro is also visited for its interesting events and festivals, the most popular being:
- Sea Dance Festival (Buljarica): One of the most famous summer music festivals in the region, part of the EXIT Festival family from Serbia. It attracts tens of thousands of young people from across Europe and beyond. Held at Buljarica, one of the most beautiful beaches on the Montenegrin coast, the festival combines electronic, hip-hop, and pop music. International stars such as David Guetta, Skrillex, Sean Paul, and Robin Schulz have performed here. In addition to music, the festival promotes ecology, sustainability, and camping culture. It takes place from late August to early September near Petrovac.
- Kotor Children’s Theatre Festival (Kotor): One of the most important children’s theatre festivals in Southeastern Europe, with a tradition of over 30 years. During the festival, the streets and squares of Kotor transform into stages for domestic and international children’s plays, performances, workshops, masquerades, and other cultural programs. It nurtures children’s creativity and supports the development of theatre art for the youngest. The festival hosts theatres from the region, Europe, and the world, and takes place in early July.
- Bedem Fest (Nikšić): Unique for being held inside the walls of a medieval fortress, creating a special atmosphere. Focused on alternative, rock, indie, and world music, often featuring socially engaged and independent artists. The festival maintains a strong local character while welcoming performers from abroad. Alongside concerts, there are art workshops, panel discussions, and exhibitions. Its motto is: “Believe, don’t give up!”. It takes place in August at Bedem Fortress.
- Fašinada (Perast): A centuries-old ritual held every year on the day dedicated to Our Lady of the Rocks, the island church opposite Perast. Local men in boats decorated with branches and flowers bring stones and symbolically throw them around the island, maintaining and expanding its surface. Rooted in the 15th century and linked to the legend of the Virgin’s icon found on a rock, Fašinada celebrates faith, community, and maritime tradition in the Bay of Kotor. Held annually in July.
- Wine and Bleak Festival (Virpazar, Skadar Lake): This event gathers winemakers, fishermen, and visitors from across the region in the picturesque town of Virpazar on Skadar Lake. Guests can enjoy local wines (especially Vranac), smoked and roasted bleak (a local fish), and other Montenegrin specialties. The event also features cultural performances, folk dances, concerts, and exhibitions. It promotes the local products and traditions of southern Montenegro. Held every February.
Accommodation in Montenegro
Montenegro is a country whose economy is largely based on tourism, which is why the accommodation offer is very rich and aligned with the demand on the market. Below you can see approximate accommodation prices across the country, but keep in mind that prices will vary depending on the season (they are the highest in the summer, during peak season), the location (accommodation closer to the sea is more expensive), and other factors such as amenities and unit size.
- Apartments: The offer of apartments in Montenegro is diverse, and prices depend on the size and location of the accommodation. Studio apartments are rented at prices ranging from €25 to €90, one-bedroom apartments cost between €40 and €240, two-bedroom apartments are available from €45 to €360, three-bedroom apartments range from €70 to €450, four-bedroom apartments cost from €55 to €250, while five-bedroom apartments, as larger units, have a price range from €110 to €550. The main factor influencing the price is the location. Apartments in popular tourist destinations are more expensive and in higher demand, while accommodation in more remote areas can be cheaper. The price also depends on the size and type of apartment, as well as the season (prices are significantly higher in the summer).
- Rental Houses: Houses for rent in Montenegro are available at prices that are generally comparable to those of apartments and other types of accommodation. The rental price depends on the number of rooms: one-bedroom houses range from €50 to €450, two-bedroom houses from €60 to €110, three-bedroom houses from €60 to €220, four-bedroom houses from €50 to €410, while five-bedroom houses, which are less common, cost between €75 and €410. Some prices refer to the stay of a single person, while others apply to the entire unit, so pay attention to this when booking accommodation. Differences in price depend primarily on location, which is the most important factor, followed by the size and number of rooms. However, it is not always the case that a larger house means a higher price, since a smaller, more luxurious accommodation in a better location can cost more.
- Cabins (Log Houses): Cabins designed as studio apartments cost around €35–65. One-bedroom cabins can be rented at prices from €25 to €130, three-bedroom cabins range from €140 to €290, while four-bedroom cabins average around €180 per night. The price of cabins is influenced by the same or similar factors as houses, with the addition that seasonality can also play a key role.
- Hotel Accommodation: As with apartments, hotel prices depend on several factors-location, type of accommodation, amenities, number of rooms and additional facilities, size, and season. Hotel accommodation prices range from €20 up to nearly €190 for highly rated luxury hotel apartments. Prices for studios and smaller hotel apartments are between €30 and €70, while larger apartments with at least two rooms usually cost from €50 to €100 per night.
- Motels: The price of overnight stays in motels ranges from €20 to €75, depending on location, whether the motel has a restaurant, and if it offers parking for guests.
- All Inclusive: This type of accommodation means that all meals during the day, drinks, and certain additional amenities (e.g., swimming pool, sports facilities, etc.) are included in the price. Prices for all-inclusive stays range from €120 to €165 per person.
You can view the accommodation offer in Montenegro on the Bookaweb platform.
Food in Montenegro
Montenegrin food is inseparable from its authentic hospitality. Ingredients are often organic and locally sourced.
- Meat specialties: Large portions based on smoked or roasted meat (often prepared under a sač). Lamb and mutton are especially popular, along with Njeguši prosciutto (a national specialty). Grilled ćevapi are also widespread, served with kaymak and onions.
- Dairy products: Traditional yogurt, kajmak (clotted cream), sour milk, and various cheeses are must-try items.
- Sarma: Minced meat and rice rolled in cabbage or vine leaves.
- Homemade bread and flatbreads: Made from corn, wheat, or rye flour, always accompanying meals. Sweet or savory priganice (fried dough balls) are also popular.
- Pies (pita): Such as zeljanica (spinach), sirnica (cheese), and krompiruša (potato pie).
- Popara: A porridge made from old bread soaked in milk.
- Kačamak: Cornmeal porridge served with yogurt or sour milk.
- Popeci: Stuffed and breaded meat or vegetable rolls with bacon, cheese, or kajmak. A specialty of Podgorica and coastal towns.
- Vines: Montenegro is also famous for its wines, with one of the largest vineyards in Europe. The most celebrated varieties are Vranac and Aman Sveti Stefan from Plantaže.
Popular sides include potatoes, chard, spinach, peppers, and zucchini. Don’t miss trying cicvara, a traditional dairy-based dish.
Important Phone Numbers and Information in Montenegro
Important Phone Numbers
- Podgorica Airport: +382 20 444244
- Tivat Airport: +382 32 67093
- Call Center Montenegro: 080 001300
- Customs Hotline: 080 081333
- Clinical Center of Montenegro: +382 20 412412
- National Tourism Organization of Montenegro: +382 20 235155
Bus Stations
- Bar: +382 30 346141
- Berane: +382 51 234828
- Budva: +382 33 456000
- Cetinje: +382 41 241754
- Danilovgrad: +382 20 811711
- Herceg Novi: +382 31 321225
- Kolašin: +382 30 864033
- Kotor: +382 32 325809
- Mojkovac: +382 50 680195
- Nikšić: +382 40 213018
- Petrovac: +382 33 680007
- Pljevlja: +382 52 323114
- Podgorica: +382 20 620430
- Rožaje: +382 51 271115
- Sutomore: +382 30 374400
- Tivat: +382 78 118738
- Ulcinj: +382 30 413225
Railway Stations
- Bar: +382 30 301615
- Bijelo Polje: +382 50 478560
- Kolašin: +382 20 441492
- Mojkovac: +382 50 472130
- Nikšić: +382 40 211912
- Podgorica: +382 20 441212
- Sutomore: +382 30 301692
Emergency Numbers
- Police: 122
- Fire & Rescue Service: 123
- Emergency Medical Assistance: 124
- Sea Rescue: 129
- Road Assistance / Traffic Info: 1282
- SOS Hotline: 1209
- General Emergency (International): 112
Best Cities in Montenegro for Nightlife
Nightlife in Montenegro is mostly concentrated along the Adriatic coast, but inland cities also have lively scenes.
Podgorica
Podgorica
- Though not a tourist hotspot like coastal towns, the capital has a rich nightlife with plenty of bars, pubs, clubs, and live music venues. Popular spots in summer are riverside terraces.
- Recommended places: The Living Room Lounge & Dining, Cheers Pub, Sky Lounge, Kaldrma, Marquez, Kontra Bar, The Big Horn, Promaja, Sejdefa Ethno Jazz, Smash Pub, Sandi Bar, Morisson Pub.
Budva
- The nightlife capital of Montenegro and the region’s party epicenter in summer. Famous for its beach parties and international DJs.
- Recommended places: Top Hill (summer only), Omnia Night Club, Casper Bar, Old Fisherman’s Pub, Torch Beach Club, Dukley Beach Lounge, Mañana Cocktail Bar & Food, Strix Cocktail Bar, Cardak Craft Pub, Bura Pub, Shot Station, Barduck.
Herceg Novi
- A coastal city with a more relaxed nightlife, often inside old fortresses or on the seafront.
- Recommended places: Prostorija Night Club, La Bamba, Pub Got, People’s Beach Bar, Jazz Caffe Panta Rei, Caminetti, Casa Igalo, Tondo Club & Bar, Giardino Pub, Caffe Radio 2B, Bar 141.
Kotor
- Known for its bohemian vibe, nightlife here is centered in the Old Town, with live music and small bars.
- Recommended places: Maximus Night Club, Letrika, Jazz Club Evergreen, Pub Bandiera, The Harbour Pub, The Square Pub, The Old Winery, Old Town Pub.
Nikšić
- Renowned for its rock scene, festivals, and alternative music. Home to breweries and underground venues.
- Recommended places: Propaganda Bar, Montenegro Pub, Floyd Pub, NK Pub, Club Krug, Vintage Pub, Trebjesa Bar, Pivara Taproom, Diamond, Rock Club, Šar Ply Nightclub, Blues Brothers Bar, The House Pub.
Transport and Taxis in Montenegro
Public city transport exists mainly in larger cities:
- Podgorica: Most developed network, run by “Gradski Prevoz Podgorica.” Tickets about €1.
- Nikšić: Limited routes connecting the center with nearby settlements, using buses and vans.
- Bar: Seasonal routes connecting the city with Sutomore, Šušanj, and Toplica.
- Herceg Novi: Local routes between Igalo, Zelenika, and Meljine (mostly minibuses, ticket about €1).
- Bijelo Polje: Vans to suburban areas.
- Budva, Ulcinj, Cetinje, Tivat, Kotor: Limited or seasonal transport (minibuses, taxis, vans).
City Taxi is a nationwide taxi booking system. Reservations can be made online (card payment available), or via call centers: 19910 (main), 19711, 19705, 19725.
Sample Taxi Companies
Sample Taxi Companies
- Bar: Lux Trade Taxi (19744)
- Budva: Slava Taxi (19715), Terrae Car Taxi (19717), Hello Taxi (19759), Vip Taxi (19666), Extra Taxi (19696), etc.
- Cetinje: Robur Taxi (+382 67 664455), Dax Taxi (+382 67 595900), In Taxi (+382 68 660660)
- Herceg Novi: More Taxi (19730), Novi Taxi (19767)
- Kotor: Red Taxi (19719), Đir Taxi (19737)
- Nikšić: Taxi Taxi (19720), Nik Taxi (19733), Maestro Taxi (19500), Maxi Trade Taxi (+382 40 200300)
- Podgorica: PG Lux Taxi (19704), Pink Taxi (19705), City Taxi (19711), Prestige Taxi (19718), President Taxi (19740), Queen Taxi (19750), Best Taxi (19505), etc.
- Tivat: Red Taxi (19729), Đir Taxi (19777)
- Ulcinj: Pasha Taxi (19745), Kalaja Taxi (19761)
- Žabljak: Slava Lux Taxi (19502)
Taxi Prices from Podgorica Airport
- Podgorica: €20
- Nikšić: €50
- Bar / Petrovac: €45-55
- Budva: €50-55
- Tivat: €62-75
- Kotor / Ulcinj: about €75
- Perast: €85
- Herceg Novi: €100
- Sarajevo: about €180
- Tirana: €104-120
- Priština: about €220
History of Montenegro
The history of Montenegro is turbulent and fascinating, but marked by conflicts and a long struggle for state independence.
- Prehistory: Montenegro is generally rich in archaeological sites that testify to all prehistoric periods.
- Paleolithic: In the Paleolithic era (around 5,000 BC), the inhabitants of present-day Montenegro lived in hordes, led a nomadic life, engaged in hunting and fishing, and used tools made of hewn stone. The most significant site from the Paleolithic period is the Crvena Stijena cave.
- Mesolithic: During the Mesolithic (late 4,000 BC), bone and antler tools such as axes and daggers were developed, while life continued in caves.
- Bronze Age: The Bronze Age in this area began later compared to the Aegean and Asia. During this period, Indo-Europeanization of the people occurred with the settlement of herders from the Russian steppes who mixed with the natives. Illyrian and Celtic language groups were formed. The most significant Bronze Age sites are Tuzi, Crvena Stijena, Lastva, Štedica, and Ćemenci, where stone and metal tools and weapons were found. Primitive fortifications called “gradine” and pottery appeared, as well as burial mounds known as “tumuli,” characteristic of Montenegro. From 1500 BC, the influence of Aegean cultures can be observed. Between 1200 and 800 BC, the Aegean migration of peoples from the Aegean and Asia Minor took place. Bronze axes, molds, and jewelry were found in Montenegro.
- Iron Age: In Montenegro, the Iron Age lasted from 800 BC until the beginning of Roman expansion. During this period, culture rapidly developed, and Greek influence strengthened. The Illyrian tribes clearly differentiated, the tribal aristocracy grew stronger, tribal alliances were formed (which later became the foundation for creating the Illyrian state), and trading centers (emporia) were developed, the most famous being in Budva.
- Antiquity: Montenegro was inhabited by Illyrian tribes, and in the 4th century BC, Celts also penetrated the coastal areas. The Illyrians fought the Celts several times, and the Celts found it particularly difficult to conquer the Illyrians who lived in the inaccessible regions of Montenegro. Alliances were established with the Macedonians and King Philip. The Illyrians fought their First Illyrian War against Rome under Queen Teuta, and the Second Illyrian War against Demetrius of Pharos. During the Roman rule, Montenegro belonged to the province of Illyricum, and later to the province of Dalmatia.
- Middle Ages: During the 5th and 6th centuries, the Slavs settled in Duklja, as part of the first Serbian state, which later developed as an independent principality. In the 10th century, Duklja, under Jovan Vladimir, came under Byzantine rule, only to be liberated a century later, when his son Mihajlo raised it to the rank of kingdom. During the 12th century, Duklja (Zeta) was under the rule of Stefan Nemanja, and in the 13th century important monasteries were built there. It was then that the name “Montenegro” was first mentioned. During the 14th and 15th centuries, Zeta was ruled by the Balšić family, who fought against the Venetians and the Turks but failed to defend it. The Crnojević family ruled Zeta as Turkish vassals in the 15th century, establishing Cetinje as the capital and founding the first printing house in the Balkans.
- Period of Ottoman rule: Montenegro was annexed to the Sanjak of Scutari during the 16th and 17th centuries. It gained autonomy within the Ottoman Empire, but battles continued during this period, with frequent uprisings. Montenegro became a theocratic state led by bishops (vladikas), the most important of whom were from the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty, who attempted to reconcile warring Montenegrin tribes. Only in the 19th century did Montenegro become a secular state under Prince Danilo Petrović.
- Gaining independence: At the Berlin Congress in 1878, Montenegro gained independence and its territory was doubled. It separated from the Serbian state and authorities, underwent modernization after the war, and in 1905 became a constitutional monarchy. At the beginning of the 20th century, it symbolically participated in the Russo-Japanese War, and in 1910 became a kingdom. In addition, Montenegro participated in the First Balkan War alongside Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria, where it lost Shkodra. In the First World War, it also fought alongside Serbia against the Central Powers, and after liberation was annexed to Serbia.
- Modern times: In the 1920s, Montenegro was separated from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and proclaimed as the Zeta Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Montenegro was under Italian occupation and was liberated by the partisans in 1944, after which it was annexed to the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRJ). The Anti-Bureaucratic Revolution of the late 1980s also shook Montenegro, bringing Slobodan Milošević’s supporters to power. After the breakup of the SFRY, Montenegro remained with Serbia, endured the NATO bombing in 1999, then became part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, and finally, in 2006, became an independent state.
Geography and Climate of Montenegro
Geography
- Position: Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. Its extreme points are: Mount Kovač in the north, Ada Bojana in the south, the village of Jablanica in the east, and the village of Sutorina in the west.
- Area: 13,883 km² (96.9% land, 3.1% water surface).
- Neighboring countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina (northwest), Serbia (east), Albania (southeast), Croatia (west).
- Membership in organizations: Montenegro is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe (CoE), and a signatory of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). It is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) and a candidate for European Union (EU) membership.
- Coastline: In its southwestern part, Montenegro has access to the Adriatic Sea, with a coastline length of about 293.5 km.
- Geographical regions: Montenegro is divided into three geographical units: the coastal (Adriatic) region (about 20%), the central Zeta-Skadar plain (about 22%), and the northern mountainous region (about 58%).
- Relief: The Adriatic region includes the coastal strip and part of the Bay of Kotor with mountain masses that steeply descend toward the coast. The Zeta-Skadar plain includes flat and hilly areas between the coast and the mountainous region, with Lake Skadar. The mountainous region encompasses the Dinaric Alps, high mountains, river valleys, and plateaus, being the area with the highest relief forms.
- Highest peak: Zla Kolata on the Prokletije Mountains, 2,534 m above sea level.
- Natural resources: red soil, flysch soil, tobacco, vineyards, olives, orchards, bauxite, iron, coal, salt, aluminum, citrus fruits, figs.
Climate
- Coast and Zeta-Bjelopavlići plain: Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters, influenced by the bora and the jugo winds.
- Central and northern parts: Mostly mountain climate, with continental climate in the far north. It is characterized by large temperature variations and relatively low precipitation, with cool and humid summers and long, harsh winters with frost.
- Coastline: Predominantly Mediterranean climate, with mild winters and dry, hot summers.
- Annual precipitation: On the coast, annual precipitation ranges from 2,000 to 5,000 mm, making it one of the rainiest areas in Europe. In the central region, the average annual precipitation is 1,000-1,600 mm, with frequent showers. In the northern region, precipitation ranges from 1,200 to 2,000 mm, significantly less than in other regions, with snow being more common. Most precipitation occurs during autumn and winter, while July is the driest month.
- Average annual temperature: On the coast, 15-17°C (summer 25-28°C, winter 7-10°C); in the central region, 13-15°C (summer 26-30°C, winter 4-6°C); in the northern region, 5-10°C (summer 15-20°C, winter 3-0°C).
Demographyof Montenegro
- Population: According to the latest census from 2023, Montenegro has 623,633 inhabitants (50.8% female and 49.2% male), of whom over 90% hold only Montenegrin citizenship.
- Average age: About 39.7 years (40.9 for women and 38.5 for men).
- Language: The official language is Montenegrin. The most spoken languages are: Serbian (43.2%), Montenegrin (34.5%), Bosniak/Bosnian (7.3%), Albanian (5.3%), Russian (2.4%), Serbo-Croatian (2.1%), and other languages (5.2%).
- Population density: 43.6 inhabitants/km².
- Ethnic composition: Montenegrins (41.1%), Serbs (32.9%), Bosniaks (9.5%), Albanians (4.9%), Russians (2.1%), Muslims (1.6%), others (7.9%).
- Religion: Mostly Orthodox (71.1%), Muslim (19.9%), Catholic (3.4%), and others (5.5%).
Tradition and Culture of Montenegro
The culture of Montenegro is a blend of different historical influences: Orthodoxy, Slavic tradition, Mediterranean spirit, and Oriental elements. The leading cultural centers have long been Cetinje and Podgorica, with Budva also standing out by promoting the arts through the “Budva - Theatre City” festival.
- Historical and cultural monuments: Montenegro boasts many important monuments from different epochs, especially from the Renaissance. On the coast, the most important are the Cathedral of Saint Tryphon (Kotor), the Church of Our Lady of the Rocks (Perast), the Savina Monastery (Herceg Novi), and the Ostrog Monastery. Frescoes and other monastery treasures preserve Montenegrin culture from oblivion.
- Literature: Written literature in Montenegro began in the 11th century, with the most important work of that time being the Miroslav Gospel, the first written Cyrillic manuscript, significant for both Serbian and Montenegrin history, created in the coastal areas. The Cetinje Printing House was founded in the late 15th century, marking an important step toward printing Serbian books. Until then, literature was manuscript-based. The most important Montenegrin writers are Njegoš, author of The Mountain Wreath and The Ray of the Microcosm and many lyrical works, as well as Stjepan Mitrov Ljubiša (Šćepan Mali, Kanjoš Macedonović), Marko Miljanov (Examples of Humanity and Bravery), and Mihailo Lalić (The Wailing Mountain).
- Music: The symbol of traditional Montenegrin music is the gusle, while the traditional folk dance is the “oro.” Every summer, important music festivals are held on the coast, such as the “Song of the Mediterranean” and “Sunčane Skale.”
- Cultural heritage: Several Montenegrin sites are protected by UNESCO: the Old Town of Kotor, Durmitor National Park, and the medieval tombstones known as stećci.
